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Investigation of The Relationship of Tax Revenues and Government Expenditures in Turkey: Evidence by Fourier Approaches

Posted on Monday October 17th, 2022Wednesday October 19th, 2022 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Investigation of The Relationship of Tax Revenues and Government Expenditures in Turkey: Evidence by Fourier Approaches
Author(s):	Abdullah Emre Caglar, Ersin Yavuz
Volume:	13
Number:	4
Year:	2022
Page:	657-669
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2022.395

Abstract

The aim of the study is to test the validity of tax-spend, spend-tax, fiscal synchronization, and institutional separation hypotheses in the relationship between tax revenues and government expenditures in Turkey for the period 1975-2021. In analysis, Enders and Lee (2012) ADF type Fourier unit root test, Tsong et al. (2016) Fourier cointegration approach, DOLS estimator, and Nazlioglu et al. (2016) Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality test is applied. As a result of the analysis, the Fourier cointegration approach reveals that there is a cointegration relationship between the variables in the model where tax revenues are the dependent variable. According to the DOLS estimator, a 1% increase in government expenditures positively affects tax revenues by 0.66%. The causality findings provide evidence that there is unidirectional causality from government expenditures to tax revenues. As a result, the findings indicate that the expenditure-tax hypothesis is valid in the examined period. Therefore, governments should focus on government expenditures in order to balance the budget.

Keywords:

Tax Revenues, Government Expenditures, Fourier Causality, Fourier Cointegration

JEL Classification:

C23, H20, H50

Full Text ( ↓ 1188)

Prioritizing the Digitalization Barriers: An AHP Application in the Turkish Logistics Industry

Posted on Monday October 17th, 2022Wednesday October 19th, 2022 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Prioritizing the Digitalization Barriers: An AHP Application in the Turkish Logistics Industry
Author(s):	Ipek Akman Durgut, Ilke Sezin Ayaz, Esra Baran Kasapoglu
Volume:	13
Number:	4
Year:	2022
Page:	639-656
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2022.394

Abstract

Digitalization has become an essential part of the logistics industry in the rapidly developing and changing environment. Considering the benefits that might provide to the logistics industry, revealing the barriers to digitalization has significant importance. In this study, barriers encountered in the transition to digital systems in the logistics sector in Turkey were prioritized with the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. According to the evaluations of ten experts, the barriers encountered are categorized under five groups as organizational, managerial, technical, financial, and the barriers arising from customer expectations. It has been determined that financial barriers were identified as the main barrier to the digitalization of the logistics industry. Technical barriers were determined in the second place, and barriers from customer expectations were the least prioritized barrier. With this exploratory study, it is expected to contribute to the literature by determining and prioritizing the barriers to digitalization in the Turkish logistics sector.

Keywords:

Digitalization, Barriers, Logistics, Logistics Industry, Analytical Hierarchy Process Method

JEL Classification:

O33, L91

Full Text ( ↓ 1191)

The Relationship Between Geopolitical Risk and Foreign Direct Investments and Financial Development: Kónya Panel Causality Analysis

Posted on Monday October 17th, 2022Wednesday October 19th, 2022 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	The Relationship Between Geopolitical Risk and Foreign Direct Investments and Financial Development: Kónya Panel Causality Analysis
Author(s):	Turgay Ceyhan, Nazlıgul Gulcan
Volume:	13
Number:	4
Year:	2022
Page:	625-637
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2022.393

Abstract

Geopolitical developments have significant effects on the economic and financial indicators of the countries due to the fact that the economies of the countries are open to external shocks. Rising geopolitical risks increase political and economic uncertainties and cause significant fluctuations in financial investments and capital movements. In this context, in this study, the effect of geopolitical risk on foreign direct investments and financial development was investigated. The 1985-2020 annual data of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United States, and the United Kingdom (G8 countries) were analyzed with the Kónya (2006) panel causality test. As a result of the analysis, it was found that there is a causality from geopolitical risk to foreign direct investments and financial development. In the case of countries, geopolitical risks in Canada, France, Germany, Russia and the United Kingdom are the Granger cause of foreign direct investment; geopolitical risks in Japan, Russia, the United States and the United Kingdom were determined to be the Granger cause of financial development.

Keywords:

Geopolitical Risk, Foreign Direct Investments, Financial Development, Cross-Section Dependence, Panel Causality

JEL Classification:

G32, F21, C23

Full Text ( ↓ 1283)

The Relation Between Trading Volume and Return Volatility: Evidence from Borsa Istanbul

Posted on Monday October 17th, 2022Wednesday October 19th, 2022 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	The Relation Between Trading Volume and Return Volatility: Evidence from Borsa Istanbul
Author(s):	Deniz Ikizlerli
Volume:	13
Number:	4
Year:	2022
Page:	607-623
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2022.392

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between volume and volatility in the context of the Mixture of Distribution Hypothesis (MDH) and Sequential Information Arrival Hypothesis (SIAH) with respect to company size in Borsa Istanbul (BIST). Employing the generalized method of moments (GMM) method and granger causality tests, we find statistical evidence supporting the MDH for large-cap stocks, whereas we document no evidence of contemporaneous interaction between volume and volatility for mid-cap and small-cap stocks. This suggests that the dissemination of information in the stock market appears to be primarily through large firms. Our findings for large cap stocks have not changed across economic states. In terms of SIAH, for the stocks of companies of any size, we document uni-directional causality running from volatility to volume but not the other way around which is not consistent with the SIAH. However, we find supporting evidence of the SIAH for large cap stocks during the expansion periods.

Keywords:

Mixture of Distribution Hypothesis (MDH), Sequential Information Arrival Hypothesis (SIAH), Trading Volume, Return Volatility, Granger Causality, GMM

JEL Classification:

G10, G12, G14

Full Text ( ↓ 1208)

Sustainable Information and Communication Technologies: A Critical Query for CO2 Emissions in Panel Countries

Posted on Monday October 17th, 2022Wednesday October 19th, 2022 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Sustainable Information and Communication Technologies: A Critical Query for CO2 Emissions in Panel Countries
Author(s):	Filiz Cayiragasi
Volume:	13
Number:	4
Year:	2022
Page:	593-606
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2022.391

Abstract

In the context of a sustainable environment, innovative information and communication technology solutions are not only an important tool for reducing the carbon footprint in the fight against global warming and climate change, but they also contribute to globalization. Using Comtrade data, this study analyzes the relationship between exports of information and communication technologies and carbon emissions in selected countries for the years 1993-2014. The study uses two models. The dependent variable of the first model is carbon emissions and that of the second model is carbon emissions from electricity and heat generation. First, a Westerlund cointegration test, a cross-sectional dependence test, and a fully modified least squares test were conducted, followed by a panel causality analysis. The results showed that exports of information and communication technology services, individual internet use, and per capita gross domestic product increased carbon dioxide emissions, and there was no causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions from electricity and heat generation, carbon dioxide emissions, and trade.

Keywords:

Sustainable Development, ICT Export, Economic Growth, CO2 Emission, Energy

JEL Classification:

Q01, Q56, P33

Full Text ( ↓ 1054)

Monetary Policymaking under Climate Uncertainty

Posted on Monday October 17th, 2022Wednesday October 19th, 2022 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Monetary Policymaking under Climate Uncertainty
Author(s):	Zeynep Kantur, Gulserim Ozcan
Volume:	13
Number:	4
Year:	2022
Page:	579-591
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2022.390

Abstract

The most effective policy to prevent climate change is the decarbonization of the production process. Decarbonization, which should be planned and not delayed, will cause some assets to become idle or stranded, either entirely or partially. Therefore, the transition to a low-carbon economy results in sudden and unexpected fluctuations in asset prices. These shocks will affect the relevant sector and all production sectors with a domino effect and deteriorate financial stability. To the extent that these shocks are predictable, policymakers can prepare for the repercussions of green financial transformation. However, the tools needed to pre-measure them are new and dependent on many economic variables. Therefore, policymakers need a road map to act under this uncertainty. This paper theoretically provides insights into central banks’ role/engagement under climate change ambiguity. The paper shows that the less the central bank trusts its policy model, the higher the sensitivities of inflation, output-gap, and asset price-gap to climate-related shocks. Hence, an aggressive response of monetary policy is required in the face of uncertainty.

Keywords:

Climate Change, Monetary Policy, Financial Stability, New Keynesian Model, Knightian Uncertainty, DSGE Model

JEL Classification:

D81, E37, E58, Q54

Full Text ( ↓ 1234)

How Does Competing Against Strategic Investors Alter the Signaling Role of Corporate Venturing Decisions

Posted on Monday October 17th, 2022Wednesday October 19th, 2022 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	How Does Competing Against Strategic Investors Alter the Signaling Role of Corporate Venturing Decisions?
Author(s):	Emre Ekinci
Volume:	13
Number:	4
Year:	2022
Page:	565-577
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2022.389

Abstract

This paper develops a signaling model to examine firms’ corporate venturing decisions when the incumbent firm has private information about the quality of a project proposed by the current employee. Differing from the earlier studies, the analysis focuses on competition among firms, which are inherently strategic investors as the spillovers from the proposed project to their core businesses are crucial to their corporate venturing decisions. The signaling aspect of corporate venturing decisions provides the incumbent firm with an incentive to distort the implementation decision in order to conceal information from rival firms. The analysis shows that the presence of distortion depends primarily upon the opportunity cost of the employee not working in the firm’s core business and the informational rents associated with the distortion in project implementation.

Keywords:

Corporate Venturing, Signaling, Employee Entrepreneurship, Project Implementation, Strategic Investors

JEL Classification:

L26, M13, M21, M51

Full Text ( ↓ 1324)

Bibliometric Analysis of Employer Branding Research

Posted on Saturday July 23rd, 2022Saturday July 23rd, 2022 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Bibliometric Analysis of Employer Branding Research
Author(s):	Nermin Kisi
Volume:	13
Number:	3
Year:	2022
Page:	545-563
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2022.388

Abstract

The aim of this study is to present a systematic review of the scientific literature on employer branding. In order to achieve this aim, the data set consisting of a total of 213 articles on employer branding obtained from the Web of Science database was analyzed by the bibliometric analysis method. A number of indicators such as countries, institutions, authors, journals, citations, and keywords were included in the analysis. VOSviewer software program was used to visualize the bibliometric analysis. The findings show that employer branding research has been in a general upward trend in terms of the number of publications and citations since 2018. India is the leader in the number of publications, and England is the leader in the number of citations. The most productive institution is the Indian Institute of Technology from India, and the most influential is the Ghent University from Belgium. Employer branding is a topic that is mostly studied in the field of management and business. The most frequent keywords in the studies are recruitment, human resource management, employee retention, employer attractiveness, and employee engagement. Future employer branding studies are expected to be more closely associated with various human resource management functions, diversity and inclusion, generational differences, and technology. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive overview of employer branding research, constructs the intellectual map of the research field, and proposes a roadmap for future studies.

Keywords:

Employer Branding, Human Resource Management, Bibliometric Analysis, Network Analysis, Data Visualization

JEL Classification:

M10, M12, O15

Full Text ( ↓ 1291)

The Effect of Personality, Conspicuous Consumption, and Internet Addiction on Compulsive Buying

Posted on Saturday July 23rd, 2022Saturday July 23rd, 2022 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	The Effect of Personality, Conspicuous Consumption, and Internet Addiction on Compulsive Buying
Author(s):	Onur Terzi, Funda Bayrakdaroglu
Volume:	13
Number:	3
Year:	2022
Page:	523-544
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2022.387

Abstract

The constant change in consumption habits and the irrationality of purchasing decisions cause the emergence of different consumption styles. Compulsive buying behavior, which occurs as a result of a chronically repetitive and irrepressible urge to purchase, is one of these different consumption styles. The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of personality, conspicuous consumption, and internet addiction on compulsive buying behavior. Data were collected from 839 participants living in Istanbul by survey method. As a result of the structural equation model analysis, it was seen that personality, conspicuous consumption, and internet addiction had significant effects on individuals’ compulsive buying tendency. There was a positive relationship between extraversion and neuroticism personality types and compulsive buying tendency, and a negative relationship with openness to experiences personality type. It was determined that there was a significant and positive relationship between the variables of loss of control and negativity in social relations and compulsive buying tendency. In addition, it was revealed that the compulsive buying tendencies of the participants differed in terms of demographic variables such as age, gender, income level, education level, and the number of credit cards used.

Keywords:

Compulsive Buying, Shopping Addiction, Personality, Conspicuous Consumption, Internet Addiction

JEL Classification:

D91, D11

Full Text ( ↓ 1387)

Investigating the Effect of Consumers’ Environmental Values on Green Buying Behavior

Posted on Saturday July 23rd, 2022Saturday July 23rd, 2022 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Investigating the Effect of Consumers’ Environmental Values on Green Buying Behavior
Author(s):	Volkan Temizkan
Volume:	13
Number:	3
Year:	2022
Page:	505-521
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2022.386

Abstract

In academic studies, various models of green consumer behavior have attempted to explain green consumption behaviors based on traditional theories. In examining the literature, it has not been determined whether consumers’ environmental values, attitudes, or intentions directly influence overall buying behavior. In this study, the influence of consumers’ environmental values, attitudes, and intentions on green buying behavior is directly analyzed using the knowledge, attitude, and practice model (KAP). An online survey was conducted among 450 university students who may be representatives of Generation Z in Turkey. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling (SEM) is used. The results of the analysis showed that environmental values have a positive and significant effect on the attitude and intention to consume green. In addition, intention to consume green was found to have a positive and significant effect on green buying behavior. However, environmental values and green consumption attitude were found to have no significant effect on green buying behavior.

Keywords:

Green Buying Behavior, Green Consumption Intention, Green Consumption Attitudes, Environmental Values

JEL Classification:

M30, M31

Full Text ( ↓ 1367)