{"id":5619,"date":"2022-04-25T23:59:27","date_gmt":"2022-04-25T20:59:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/?p=5619"},"modified":"2022-04-26T02:32:01","modified_gmt":"2022-04-25T23:32:01","slug":"effects-of-uncertainties-on-mode-of-payment-terms-in-foreign-trade-between-turkey-and-the-us-the-time-varying-bootstrap-causality-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/effects-of-uncertainties-on-mode-of-payment-terms-in-foreign-trade-between-turkey-and-the-us-the-time-varying-bootstrap-causality-test","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye-ABD D\u0131\u015f Ticaretinde \u00d6deme \u015eekli Tercihlerine Belirsizliklerin Etkileri: Zaman \u0130\u00e7inde De\u011fi\u015fen Bootstrap Nedensellik Testi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<table style=\"font-family: Arial, serif; text-align: justify;\" width=\"534\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold;\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#0188a6\" width=\"534\" height=\"40\">Makale Bilgileri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"534\" height=\"169\">\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Dergi:<\/td>\n<td>Business and Economics Research Journal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Makalenin Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/td>\n<td>T\u00fcrkiye-ABD D\u0131\u015f Ticaretinde \u00d6deme \u015eekli Tercihlerine Belirsizliklerin Etkileri: Zaman \u0130\u00e7inde De\u011fi\u015fen Bootstrap Nedensellik Testi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Yazar(lar):<\/td>\n<td>O\u011fuzhan \u00d6z\u00e7elik<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Cilt:<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Say\u0131:<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Y\u0131l:<\/td>\n<td>2022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Sayfa:<\/td>\n<td>239-256<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">ISSN:<\/td>\n<td>2619-9491<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">DOI Numaras\u0131:<\/td>\n<td>10.20409\/berj.2022.371<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold;\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#0188a6\" width=\"534\" height=\"40\">\u00d6z<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"534\">Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ABD\u2019deki ticaret politikas\u0131 belirsizlikleri (Trade Policy Uncertainty; TPU) ve ekonomi politikalar\u0131 belirsizlikleri (Economic Policy Uncertainty; EPU) ile piyasalardaki korku d\u00fczeyinin (Volatility Index; VIX), T\u00fcrkiye-ABD aras\u0131ndaki d\u0131\u015f ticarette kullan\u0131lan \u00f6deme \u015fekli tercihlerine etkileri 2002:01-2021:M05 d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in zaman boyutunun tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in Hacker ve Hatemi-J (2012) bootstrap nedensellik testiyle, alt d\u00f6nemler i\u00e7in Y\u0131lanc\u0131 ve K\u0131lc\u0131 (2021) zamanla de\u011fi\u015fen bootstrap nedensellik testiyle analiz edilmi\u015ftir. Hacker ve Hatemi-J (2012) testine g\u00f6re; analiz d\u00f6neminde TPU\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ABD\u2019ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 pe\u015fin ihracata, VIX\u2019ten T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ABD\u2019ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vadeli ihracata, EPU\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ABD\u2019den yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vadeli ithalata ve mal mukabili ithalata do\u011fru nedensellik ili\u015fkileri vard\u0131r. Y\u0131lanc\u0131 ve K\u0131lc\u0131 (2021) testi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re; ABD\u2019deki ticaret ve ekonomi politikalar\u0131ndaki belirsizliklerin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde T\u00fcrk ve ABD\u2019li firmalar kendilerini sa\u011flama almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta ve pe\u015fin ihracat yapmay\u0131 tercih etmektedirler. Bu etki \u00f6zellikle Trump d\u00f6nemi (2016-2020) ve Covid-19 s\u00fcrecinde daha belirgin hale gelmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ABD\u2019ye vadeli ihracatta EPU daha belirleyici iken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ABD\u2019den vadeli ithalat\u0131nda TPU, EPU ve VIX etkilidir. T\u00fcrkiye-ABD mal mukabili ticaretinde EPU ve VIX belirleyici konumundad\u0131r. Bu nedenle ABD ile ticaret yapan T\u00fcrk firmalar\u0131n, ABD\u2019deki TPU, EPU ve VIX g\u00f6stergelerini de yak\u0131ndan izlemelerinde yarar vard\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"534\" height=\"22\">\n<hr style=\"height: 5px; background-color: #0188a6; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;\" \/>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/td>\n<td>Ticaret Politikas\u0131 Belirsizlikleri, Ekonomi Politikas\u0131 Belirsizlikleri, Piyasadaki Korku Endeksi, D\u0131\u015f Ticarette \u00d6deme \u015eekilleri, Zamanla De\u011fi\u015fen Nedensellik Testi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"534\">\n<hr style=\"height: 5px; background-color: #0188a6; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;\" \/>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" width=\"120\">JEL S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/td>\n<td>D81, F14, F41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr style=\"height: 5px; background-color: #0188a6; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;\" \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><table style=\"border: 0px solid #CCC;\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td width=\"35\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/icons\/pdf.gif\" alt=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/icons\/pdf.gif\" width=20 height=18>\r\n    <\/td>\r\n    <td>\r\n      <b> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/?file_id=813\">Tam Metin\r\n<\/b> ( <span style=\"font-weight:bolder;\">\u2193<\/span> 2014)<\/a>    <\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n<\/table>Tam Metin\r\n<\/b> ( <span style=\"font-weight:bolder;\">\u2193<\/span> 2014)<\/a>    <\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n<\/table><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_5619\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"5619\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Makale Bilgileri Dergi: Business and Economics Research Journal Makalenin Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131: T\u00fcrkiye-ABD D\u0131\u015f Ticaretinde \u00d6deme \u015eekli Tercihlerine Belirsizliklerin Etkileri: Zaman \u0130\u00e7inde De\u011fi\u015fen Bootstrap Nedensellik Testi Yazar(lar): O\u011fuzhan \u00d6z\u00e7elik Cilt: 13 Say\u0131: 2 Y\u0131l: 2022 Sayfa: 239-256 ISSN: 2619-9491 DOI Numaras\u0131: 10.20409\/berj.2022.371 \u00d6z Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ABD\u2019deki ticaret politikas\u0131 belirsizlikleri (Trade Policy Uncertainty; TPU) ve ekonomi politikalar\u0131 belirsizlikleri [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_5619\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"5619\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-makale","category-manuscript","category-manuscript2"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":133,"today_views":1},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5619"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5619\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}