{"id":4855,"date":"2020-01-22T22:54:25","date_gmt":"2020-01-22T19:54:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/?p=4855"},"modified":"2020-01-24T18:12:43","modified_gmt":"2020-01-24T15:12:43","slug":"monetary-union-experiences-and-lessons-for-european-monetary-integration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/monetary-union-experiences-and-lessons-for-european-monetary-integration","title":{"rendered":"Para Birli\u011fi Uygulamalar\u0131 ve Avrupa Ekonomik ve Parasal Birli\u011fi \u0130\u00e7in Dersler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<table style=\"font-family: Arial, serif; text-align: justify;\" width=\"534\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold;\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#0188a6\" width=\"534\" height=\"40\">Makale Bilgileri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"534\" height=\"169\">\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Dergi:<\/td>\n<td>Business and Economics Research Journal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Makalenin Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/td>\n<td>Para Birli\u011fi Uygulamalar\u0131 ve Avrupa Ekonomik ve Parasal Birli\u011fi \u0130\u00e7in Dersler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Yazar(lar):<\/td>\n<td>Derya Y\u0131lmaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Cilt:<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Say\u0131:<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Y\u0131l:<\/td>\n<td>2020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Sayfa:<\/td>\n<td>77-93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">ISSN:<\/td>\n<td>2619-9491<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">DOI Numaras\u0131:<\/td>\n<td>10.20409\/berj.2020.236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold;\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#0188a6\" width=\"534\" height=\"40\">\u00d6z<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"534\">Para birli\u011fi, iktisadi ili\u015fkileri yo\u011fun olan \u00fclkelerin paralar\u0131n\u0131 sabit kurlarla birbirlerine ba\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra tek para ve merkez bankas\u0131na ge\u00e7meleri olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Para birli\u011fine giren \u00fclkeler parasal alanda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kaybederler. Para birli\u011fi teorisi de bu do\u011frultuda bir para birli\u011fine hangi \u00fclkelerin daha uygun oldu\u011fu sorusunu sorar. Avrupa Ekonomik ve Parasal Birli\u011fi (EPB), g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en bilinen para birli\u011fi \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Maastricht Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile kurulan EPB, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri tek para (Euro) ve tek merkez bankas\u0131 (Avrupa Merkez Bankas\u0131) ile geni\u015fleyerek yoluna devam etmektedir. Ancak Avrupa Ekonomik ve Parasal Birli\u011fi, ilk para birli\u011fi denemesi de\u011fildir. Baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar olsa da tarihte para birli\u011fi deneyimleri olmu\u015ftur. Bu denemeler kimi zaman bir ulusun in\u015fas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, kimi zaman da bir iktisadi birle\u015fme hareketinin sonucu olmu\u015ftur. Bu para birliklerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa Ekonomik ve Parasal Birli\u011fi\u2019nin de kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden beri devam edip etmeyece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fma konusudur. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131 da ge\u00e7mi\u015f para birli\u011fi deneyimlerinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak bu tart\u0131\u015fmaya yeni bir boyut kazand\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Elde edilen sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re; politik istek, mali entegrasyon ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez kurumsal a\u011flar para birli\u011finin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"534\" height=\"22\">\n<hr style=\"height: 5px; background-color: #0188a6; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;\" \/>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/td>\n<td>Para Birli\u011fi Teorisi, Optimum Para Sahas\u0131, Ulusal Para Birlikleri, Mali Entegrasyon, Ekonomik ve Parasal Birlik (EPB)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"534\">\n<hr style=\"height: 5px; background-color: #0188a6; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;\" \/>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" width=\"120\">JEL S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/td>\n<td>E42, F15, F44, F42, F59<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr style=\"height: 5px; background-color: #0188a6; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;\" \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><table style=\"border: 0px solid #CCC;\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td width=\"35\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/icons\/pdf.gif\" alt=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/icons\/pdf.gif\" width=20 height=18>\r\n    <\/td>\r\n    <td>\r\n      <b> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/?file_id=642\">Tam Metin\r\n<\/b> ( <span style=\"font-weight:bolder;\">\u2193<\/span> 3311)<\/a>    <\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n<\/table>Tam Metin\r\n<\/b> ( <span style=\"font-weight:bolder;\">\u2193<\/span> 3311)<\/a>    <\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n<\/table><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_4855\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"4855\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Makale Bilgileri Dergi: Business and Economics Research Journal Makalenin Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131: Para Birli\u011fi Uygulamalar\u0131 ve Avrupa Ekonomik ve Parasal Birli\u011fi \u0130\u00e7in Dersler Yazar(lar): Derya Y\u0131lmaz Cilt: 11 Say\u0131: 1 Y\u0131l: 2020 Sayfa: 77-93 ISSN: 2619-9491 DOI Numaras\u0131: 10.20409\/berj.2020.236 \u00d6z Para birli\u011fi, iktisadi ili\u015fkileri yo\u011fun olan \u00fclkelerin paralar\u0131n\u0131 sabit kurlarla birbirlerine ba\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra tek para ve merkez [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_4855\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"4855\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 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class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":4638,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-makale","category-manuscript","category-manuscript2"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":96,"today_views":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4638"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4855"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4855\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}