{"id":4757,"date":"2019-10-18T09:52:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-18T06:52:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/?p=4757"},"modified":"2019-10-19T02:13:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-18T23:13:34","slug":"middle-income-trap-the-case-of-poland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/middle-income-trap-the-case-of-poland","title":{"rendered":"Middle-Income Trap: The Case of Poland"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Makale Bilgileri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Dergi:<\/td>\nBusiness and Economics Research Journal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Makalenin Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/td>\nMiddle-Income Trap: The Case of Poland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yazar(lar):<\/td>\nBozena Leven<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cilt:<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Say\u0131:<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y\u0131l:<\/td>\n2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sayfa:<\/td>\n1029-1038<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ISSN:<\/td>\n2619-9491<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOI Numaras\u0131:<\/td>\n10.20409\/berj.2019.219<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00d6z<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The middle-income trap (MIT) describes systemic growth obstacles shared by various countries that occur typically at the middle-income level of their development. The following analysis relies on Rostow\u2019s classification of the stages of economic development. We focus on Rostow stages three and four, where moving from labor intensive, import and foreign direct investment (FDI) driven growth to reliance on high value-added output and exports with embedded high content of capital and technology can render sustainable long-term growth problematic. To examine MIT we study Poland, which has relied on relatively low labor costs, imported technologies, funding from the European Union and FDI to attain middle-income status. A recent slowing in Poland\u2019s growth may signal that it has exhausted some of these growth factors and is more vulnerable to MIT. To assess this vulnerability, we analyze changes in Poland\u2019s factor productivity, investment patterns, FDI, labor force educational attainments, new technology\/product development, imports, export diversification, product complexity, and other factors. We conclude that certain conditions consistent with MIT are gaining importance in Poland and represent a challenge to its future economic growth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/td>\nEconomic Growth and Aggregate Productivity, International Factor Movements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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JEL S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/td>\nF20, O40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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Makale Bilgileri Dergi: Business and Economics Research Journal Makalenin Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131: Middle-Income Trap: The Case of Poland Yazar(lar): Bozena Leven Cilt: 10 Say\u0131: 5 Y\u0131l: 2019 Sayfa: 1029-1038 ISSN: 2619-9491 DOI Numaras\u0131: 10.20409\/berj.2019.219 \u00d6z The middle-income trap (MIT) describes systemic growth obstacles shared by various countries that occur typically at the middle-income level of their development. […]<\/p>\n

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