{"id":3785,"date":"2017-11-08T02:47:58","date_gmt":"2017-11-07T23:47:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/?p=3785"},"modified":"2017-11-11T02:31:46","modified_gmt":"2017-11-10T23:31:46","slug":"impact-of-kyoto-protocol-on-carbon-emissions-an-application-of-panel-unit-root-tests-with-structural-breaks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/impact-of-kyoto-protocol-on-carbon-emissions-an-application-of-panel-unit-root-tests-with-structural-breaks","title":{"rendered":"Kyoto Protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn Karbon Emisyonu \u00dczerine Etkisi: K\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 Panel Birim K\u00f6k Analizi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<table style=\"font-family: Arial, serif; text-align: justify;\" width=\"534\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold;\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#0188a6\" width=\"534\" height=\"40\">Makale Bilgileri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"534\" height=\"169\">\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Dergi:<\/td>\n<td>Business and Economics Research Journal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Makalenin Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/td>\n<td>Kyoto Protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn Karbon Emisyonu \u00dczerine Etkisi: K\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 Panel Birim K\u00f6k Analizi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Yazar(lar):<\/td>\n<td>Mehmet Mert, Abdullah Emre \u00c7a\u011flar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Cilt:<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Say\u0131:<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Y\u0131l:<\/td>\n<td>2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">Sayfa:<\/td>\n<td>661-672<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">ISSN:<\/td>\n<td>1309-2448<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"0\">DOI Numaras\u0131:<\/td>\n<td>10.20409\/berj.2017.74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold;\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#0188a6\" width=\"534\" height=\"40\">\u00d6z<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"534\">Karbon emisyonu 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan Kyoto protokol\u00fc gibi uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalara ra\u011fmen k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artmaya devam etmektedir. 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Kyoto anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, anla\u015fmay\u0131 imzalayan \u00fclkelerin karbon emisyonu serilerinde anlaml\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lmalara yol a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n temel amac\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Analiz 26 Kyoto \u00fclkesi i\u00e7in 1960-2013 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle birinci nesil birim k\u00f6k testleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve incelenen 26 Annex \u00fclkesinden olu\u015fan Kyoto panelinde ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 karbon sal\u0131m\u0131 serileri dura\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur. Daha sonra yatay kesit ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 test edilmi\u015f ve yatay kesit ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funa karar verilmi\u015ftir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak yatay kesit ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yap\u0131sal k\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 da dikkate alan birim k\u00f6k testi uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Elde edilen bulgulara g\u00f6re, birinci nesil panel birim k\u00f6k testlerinin aksine, Kyoto \u00fclkelerinde ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen karbon emisyonu de\u011fi\u015fkeni dura\u011fan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 izlemektedir. Ayr\u0131ca k\u0131r\u0131lma zamanlar\u0131 incelenen \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in, 26 Kyoto \u00fclkesinin 19&#8217;unda, Kyoto antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisinin g\u00f6zlemlenebilece\u011fi 1997-2005 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131lmalar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla serilerde anlaml\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lmalar ve Kyoto protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn anla\u015fmay\u0131 imzalayan \u00fclkeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan karbon emisyonu \u00fczerinde anlaml\u0131 bir etkisinin oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"534\" height=\"22\">\n<hr style=\"height: 5px; background-color: #0188a6; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;\" \/>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/td>\n<td>Kyoto Protokol\u00fc, Karbon Emisyonu, Panel Birim K\u00f6k, Yap\u0131sal K\u0131r\u0131lma, Yatay Kesit Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"534\">\n<hr style=\"height: 5px; background-color: #0188a6; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;\" \/>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #0188a6; font-weight: bold;\" width=\"120\">JEL S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/td>\n<td>C40, C50, Q54<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr style=\"height: 5px; background-color: #0188a6; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;\" \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><table style=\"border: 0px solid #CCC;\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td width=\"35\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/icons\/pdf.gif\" alt=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/icons\/pdf.gif\" width=20 height=18>\r\n    <\/td>\r\n    <td>\r\n      <b> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/?file_id=424\">Tam Metin\r\n<\/b> ( <span style=\"font-weight:bolder;\">\u2193<\/span> 3399)<\/a>    <\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n<\/table>Tam Metin\r\n<\/b> ( <span style=\"font-weight:bolder;\">\u2193<\/span> 3399)<\/a>    <\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n<\/table><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_3785\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"3785\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Makale Bilgileri Dergi: Business and Economics Research Journal Makalenin Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131: Kyoto Protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn Karbon Emisyonu \u00dczerine Etkisi: K\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 Panel Birim K\u00f6k Analizi Yazar(lar): Mehmet Mert, Abdullah Emre \u00c7a\u011flar Cilt: 8 Say\u0131: 4 Y\u0131l: 2017 Sayfa: 661-672 ISSN: 1309-2448 DOI Numaras\u0131: 10.20409\/berj.2017.74 \u00d6z Karbon emisyonu 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan Kyoto protokol\u00fc gibi uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalara ra\u011fmen k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artmaya [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_3785\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"3785\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":4638,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-makale","category-manuscript","category-manuscript2"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":135,"today_views":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4638"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3785"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3785\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.berjournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}